One of the most important features that distinguish humans from other living things is functional hands. The hand is considered the most important extension of the mind. Therefore, the area in which our hand is represented is quite large in our brain. The hand and the brain form unique functional integrity. Thanks to grasping and fine motor movements, as well as an excellent sense of hearing. The environment plays an important role in sensory communication.
The hand has a unique function by working in perfect harmony with bone, muscle, tendon, vein, nerve, and ligament structures. Congenital or subsequent defects in one or more of these structures significantly affect hand function. While this situation affects the daily life of the person negatively, it also brings serious psychosocial problems.
Among the congenital problems, there may be many anomalies that can be associated with genetic problems, such as having too many fingers on the hand (polydactyly), conjoined fingers (polysyndactyly), conjoined fingers (syndactyly), and thumb anomalies. Many of these conditions can be treated with proper planning and surgery.
Hand injuries are the most common hand problems. Especially work accidents, home accidents, and punching glass, etc. It is common after trauma. Muscle, tendon, vessel, nerve cuts, bone fractures, ligament injuries, and soft tissue defective injuries occur frequently after injury. The mechanism, time, severity, and additional diseases of the injury guide the treatment plan. With a careful examination and examinations, the damaged structure or structures in the hand are determined and an appropriate treatment plan is made. Medical and surgical treatment is done as soon as possible. Surgical treatment often requires microsurgical principles.

Depending on the severity of the trauma, partial or complete rupture may occur in the hands and fingers. If a complete rupture has occurred, the ruptured part should be wrapped in a clean damp gauze cloth and placed in a bag. The bag should be closed and in a cold environment with the patient as soon as possible. should be delivered to the health institution. Time is an important determinant of success. In addition, the injured structure, the type of injury, the condition, and the level of the broken part are factors that affect the chance of success. Every broken piece may not be returned with a core. In partial ruptures, the ruptured part is in contact with the body. If the blood flow to the ruptured part continues, a longer time may be mentioned for intervention.
Although mostly benign, rarely malignant masses can be encountered in the hand, forearm, and joints. The most common benign tumors are ganglion cyst in the wrist and finger joint, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, pyogenic granuloma, etc. is found. Although very rare, malignant skin and muscle tumors originating from the skin of the hand can be encountered. In these cases, surgical treatment comes to the fore.
Nerve compression is common among the diseases of the hand. Nerves can be compressed in the elbow and wrist region due to many reasons. In this case, pain in the hand and problems leading to loss of sensation in progressive cases occur. In this case, surgical release of the nerve as soon as possible is a good option. Fingers getting stuck while opening can be trigger fingers. This condition may be accompanied by pain. Although non-surgical methods are tried, the most effective method is surgery. Along with these, there may be hardness and nodules that occur later in the palm. Over time, this can result in contractures that cause the fingers to bend. Although non-surgical treatments are tried in the early period in these diseases called Dupuytren’s Contracture, the most effective treatment is surgery.
Apart from these diseases, many congenital or acquired diseases can be treated non-surgically or surgically.